When a fire occurs in a high-rise building, the firefighters take the fire elevator to climb up to put out the fire not only to save the time to reach the fire floor, but also to reduce the physical consumption of the firefighters. Therefore, fire elevators play an important role in fighting fires.
1. Setting scope of fire
elevator Buildings;
2. Tower houses with ten floors and above;
3. Unit-style houses and corridor-style houses with twelve floors and above;
4. Other second-class public buildings with a building height exceeding 32 meters;
5 , High-rise workshops and warehouses with elevators with a building height of more than 32 meters.
In actual work, the construction engineering designers have designed fire elevators according to the above requirements. Even if some engineering designers do not design fire elevators according to the requirements of the "Code", the construction reviewers of the public security fire supervision agency will also follow the "Code". It added a fire elevator.
2. Functions and usage of fire elevators
(1) How to determine which elevator is a fire elevator in case of fire When entering the fire fighting state, it has fire fighting function), how to determine which elevator is the fire fighting elevator? Its main appearance features include the following aspects:
1. The fire elevator is provided with a front room. The front room area of ​​an independent fire elevator is: the front room area of ​​residential buildings is greater than 4.5 square meters; the front room area of ​​public buildings and high-rise factory (warehouse) buildings is greater than 6 square meters. When the front room of the fire elevator and the smoke-proof stairwell are shared with the front room, the area shall be: the shared front room area of ​​residential buildings is greater than 6 square meters, and the shared front room area of ​​public buildings and high-rise factory (warehouse) buildings is greater than 10 square meters.
2. Class B fire doors or fire shutters with stagnation function are installed in the front room of the fire elevator.
3. There is a special fire telephone in the fire elevator car.
4. There are special operation buttons for firefighters at the appropriate position of the elevator door on the first floor. The operation buttons are generally protected by glass sheets, and there are red words such as "Special for Fire Fighting" in appropriate positions.
5. When the normal power supply is cut off, the lighting in the non-fire-fighting elevator has no electricity, but there is still lighting in the fire-fighting elevator.
6. There is an indoor fire hydrant in the front room of the fire elevator.
(2) When designing a high-rise building, the functional designer of the fire-fighting elevator design the function of the fire-fighting elevator as follows: the fire-fighting elevator and the passenger (or cargo) elevator are both used. When the command or the special operation button for firefighters on the first floor is controlled to enter the fire fighting state, it should reach:
1. If the elevator is going up, it will immediately stop at the nearest floor without opening the door, and then return to the first floor station and automatically open the elevator door .
2. If the elevator is going down, immediately close the door and return to the first floor station, and automatically open the elevator door.
3. If the elevator is already on the first floor, immediately open the elevator door and enter the special state for firefighters.
4. The call button on each floor is disabled, and the call is removed.
5. Restore the function of the command button in the car for the firefighters to operate.
6. The door closing button has no self-holding function.
(3) How to use the fire elevator
1. After the firefighters arrive at the front room (or shared front room) of the fire elevator on the first floor, they first use the hand axe or other hard objects they carry with them to smash the glass that protects the buttons of the fire elevator. Then put the fire elevator button in the ON position. Due to different manufacturers, the appearance of the button is also different, some only have a small "red dot" on one end of the button, and the end with the "red dot" can be pressed down during operation; There are two operation buttons, one is black, marked with English "off", and the other is red, marked with English "on", when operating, press the red button marked "on" to enter the fire state.
2. After the elevator enters the fire state, if the elevator is running, it will automatically descend to the first floor station and automatically open the door. If the elevator has stopped at the first floor, it will automatically open.
3. After the firefighters enter the fire elevator car, they should press the door close button with their hands until the elevator door is closed. After the elevator starts, they can release their hands. Otherwise, if they release their hands during the door closing process, the door will automatically open and the elevator will not. will start. In some cases, just pressing the door close button is not enough, you should press the door button with the other hand while pressing the button of the floor you want to reach until the elevator starts.
3. Emergency measures in case of emergency The situation of the
fire scene is changeable, although the fire elevator is designed with dual-circuit power supply, and there is an automatic switching device at the last stage of the power distribution box. So what do firefighters do in the elevator car once the elevator stops running?
(1) Rescue methods for external personnel When the
fire elevator is in normal operation, the indicator light used to indicate the operation of the elevator in the front room of the elevator is luminous. Once the power is cut off, the indicator light will naturally go out. At this time, the fire commander should immediately use the following two measures to rescue the people in the elevator.
1. Send someone to the fire elevator machine room on the roof, and manually lower the car in the elevator shaft to the first floor station. In order to ensure the safety of passengers, elevator manufacturers have designed an automatic protection device during power failure when designing the elevator. When the elevator loses power, in order to prevent the rapid rise of the car (due to the effect of elevator counterweight) In this way, the shaft of the hoist is tightly braked, which is often referred to as "locking". After the rescuers (if possible, it is best to work with the elevator maintenance personnel of the enterprise) enter the elevator machine room, they should quickly find a tool to release the "lock" (this tool is generally yellow and placed near the hoist, one for each elevator machine room). After removing the protective cover at the highest position on one side of the hoist, (the cover is fixed by two bolts, and the two bolts can be removed by hand without tools). After removing the protective cover, first Use a hook-shaped tool in the special tool, insert the hook into the small hole on the lower side of the fixed protective cover, and then use the lever principle to press down the connecting rod at the highest position, at this time, the elevator car is affected by the elevator counterweight object. It will rise, which is not what we want. How to make the car drop to the first floor? The other one of the two special tools is needed. After inserting the tool into the shaft coaxial with the hoist, one person presses the connecting rod with a hook-shaped tool, and the other person rotates clockwise. The car in the elevator shaft will descend until it reaches the first floor.
2. Send someone to knock on the elevator door floor by floor, determine the parking position of the elevator car, and then carry out rescue. Due to the shielding effect of the elevator car and the elevator shaft wall, the radio station carried by the firefighters will be useless. At this time, the commander can send someone to knock on the elevator doors of each floor, supplemented by loud shouting, to confirm the elevator The position of the car. After the location is determined, first destroy the key hole on the elevator shaft wall door with an axe or pliers, and then insert it with a flat screwdriver and press it down. Since the hook that closes the elevator shaft wall door is unhooked, the door will automatically open; the elevator shaft After the door on the wall is opened, then open the door on the car. Opening the door on the car is very simple. First, insert a hand axe into the door gap between the two doors. After the door gap can reach the human hand, one person can use the second hand to move the two doors to the left and right. move, so as to open the car door and rescue the people in the elevator. Because the pulling force of this door is 20 kg.
(2) The self-rescue method of the people in the elevator car.
Because the external rescue personnel need to confirm the position of the roof elevator machine room when carrying out the rescue, and try to open the door of the elevator machine room, and then determine which is the hoist of the fire elevator, and need to use a special tools, it takes a long time; when the second method is adopted, the parking position of the car needs to be confirmed layer by layer first, and then the second door (elevator shaft wall door and car door) needs to be opened with the help of tools. The time will not be too short, therefore, the personnel inside the car should rescue themselves.
There are two methods of self-rescue:
one is that the person located in the elevator car first pulls the door of the car open (the method is the same as the method of opening the car door in the second method of rescue by external personnel), and then finds the door located in the elevator car. At the upper left of the door on the right half of the well wall, the hand will touch the two small wheels arranged up and down. On the left side of the small wheel (about 30-40 mm from the small wheel below), there is a metal Push the metal bar up, the door on the elevator shaft wall will open automatically, and the personnel can escape from the elevator shaft and save themselves successfully. Due to the different parking positions of the elevator car in the elevator shaft, when the car door is opened, once there is no lighting, you should touch it carefully. After finding the metal bar in the upper left corner of the right door, push the metal bar up by hand to escape. .
The second is when the car door is opened and the reinforced concrete shaft wall is faced, only the following measures can be taken.
First, use the method of taking the shoulders (that is, one person squatting, the other person puts his feet on the shoulders of the squatting person) to climb up, destroy the top of the car with a hand axe, open the channel from the top of the car, and enter the car. The roof of the cabin. Because when the elevator manufacturer produces the elevator, there is a manhole in the middle of the top third of the car from the farthest side of the car door for people to enter and exit. This manhole is closed with a thinner metal plate, which is easy to be destroy.
Second, after entering the roof of the car, the person who goes up first then pulls the person in the car to the roof, and then looks for the door on the elevator shaft wall. When the right half door of the elevator shaft wall door is found, follow the The door moves the hand to the upper left of the right door and touches the two wheels arranged up and down, and then uses the first method to open the door on the shaft wall and enter the front room of the fire elevator to escape.
Pay attention to the problems:
1. In the above self-rescue process, if the firefighters carry lighting tools, it becomes very easy;
2. If the elevator car descends during the self-rescue process, no matter whether the person is in the car or on the top of the car , you must immediately stop all self-rescue measures, strengthen self-protection, and rescue yourself after the elevator stops running.